Which type of research provides numerical data primarily?

Quantitative research is the type of research that provides numerical data primarily. This approach focuses on quantifying problems by collecting and analyzing numerical data, which can be transformed into usable statistics. It typically involves structured methods like surveys, tests, and questionnaires that yield quantifiable results. These results can be used to identify patterns, relationships, or trends across different populations, making quantitative research ideal for studying large groups where statistical conclusions can be drawn.

In contrast, qualitative research relies on non-numerical data, such as interviews, open-ended surveys, and observations, to gain deeper insights into people's beliefs, experiences, and emotions. Empirical research, while it can include both qualitative and quantitative methods, does not define the type of data collected since it refers broadly to knowledge gained through observation or experimentation. Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches, incorporating the strengths of both to provide a fuller understanding of research questions but does not focus solely on numerical data. Therefore, the emphasis on numerical data in quantitative research clearly distinguishes it from the other research types mentioned.