Which term refers to the science of behavior and mental processes?

The term that refers to the science of behavior and mental processes is psychology. This field encompasses the study of how people think, feel, and behave, spanning a wide range of topics including cognition, emotion, perception, and social interactions. Psychology employs various research methods, including experiments and observations, to understand individual and group behavior, as well as the underlying mental processes that influence these behaviors.

Psychology's focus on both observable actions and internal processes sets it apart as the discipline that specifically investigates the complexities of the human mind and behavior, making it the correct choice for this question. Other options like neuroscience focus on the biological basis of behavior, sociology examines social behavior and societies, and anthropology studies human cultures and evolution, but none of these disciplines directly encapsulate the broad scope of both behavior and mental processes as psychology does.