Which of the following would most likely reduce occurrences of social desirability bias in surveys?

Anonymous responses are most likely to reduce occurrences of social desirability bias in surveys because they allow respondents to provide their answers without the fear of judgment or identification. When participants believe their responses are confidential and that their identities are protected, they are more inclined to answer honestly, particularly on sensitive topics. This anonymity encourages individuals to express their true opinions and behaviors rather than what they think is socially acceptable or desirable.

In contrast, face-to-face interviews can heighten the pressure on respondents to conform to social norms, as they may feel compelled to respond in a socially desirable manner when being directly questioned. Long surveys can lead to fatigue, which might cause participants to rush through responses and prioritize ease over honesty. Structured interviews typically employ a fixed set of questions that might limit the ability of respondents to fully express their views or experiences, possibly leading to more socially acceptable answers rather than their genuine opinions.