Which of the following would most likely reduce occurrences of social desirability bias in surveys?

Anonymous responses are highly effective in reducing occurrences of social desirability bias in surveys. When respondents are assured that their answers will remain confidential and not be linked to their identity, they are more likely to provide honest and accurate responses, especially on sensitive topics. This anonymity helps to alleviate the pressure to respond in socially acceptable ways, allowing for more genuine self-reports.

In contrast, face-to-face interviews can increase the likelihood of social desirability bias, as respondents may feel compelled to provide answers they believe are more socially acceptable in the presence of an interviewer. Long surveys can lead to respondent fatigue, which may affect the quality of the data collected and does not inherently address the issue of social desirability. Similarly, structured interviews, while providing standardized formats, do not offer the anonymity that could foster more honest disclosures. Thus, anonymous responses stand out as the most effective method to mitigate social desirability bias, enhancing the validity of the survey results.