Which of the following factors can influence the outcomes of survey results?

The sample size and the method of data collection are crucial factors that significantly influence the outcomes of survey results. A larger sample size generally enhances the reliability and validity of the survey findings, as it is more likely to represent the population accurately. Conversely, a small sample size can lead to variability that misrepresents the overall population view.

Additionally, the method of data collection—for example, online surveys versus face-to-face interviews—can affect responses due to different levels of engagement or the way questions are interpreted. If the method is not suitable for the target audience (for example, if the questions are complex), it can lead to biased results. Therefore, both the size of the sample and the method used are integral to obtaining accurate, trustworthy results in survey research.

Other factors such as the demographics of the survey administrator, the time of day when the survey is conducted, and the advertising used to promote the survey can have varying degrees of influence but are not as fundamental as sample size and data collection methods in determining overall survey outcomes.