What sampling method is characterized by being neither random nor systematic, and relies on chance or availability?

Convenience sampling is a sampling method characterized by its reliance on availability or chance rather than a structured approach. In this method, researchers select participants who are easiest to access or obtain, often leading to a sample that may not represent the broader population accurately. This approach is often employed due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, making it appealing for exploratory research or initial data gathering.

The key to convenience sampling lies in its lack of randomness; participants are chosen based on their immediate accessibility rather than through a random selection process. This can result in biases, as certain segments of the population may be underrepresented or overrepresented, affecting the generalizability of the research findings.

In contrast, the other sampling methods mentioned, such as random sampling and systematic sampling, involve structured approaches to selecting participants that enhance the reliability of the results and reduce bias. Stratified sampling further emphasizes representation by ensuring that specific subgroups within the population are adequately represented, which is not the focus of convenience sampling.