What is the process of repeating a research study with different participants to assess the reliability of the findings?

The process of repeating a research study with different participants to assess the reliability of the findings is known as replication. Replication is a critical component of the scientific method, as it helps verify the validity of the original study's results by determining whether those findings can be consistently reproduced under similar conditions. By conducting studies with different participants or in different contexts, researchers can identify whether the original conclusions hold true or if they were influenced by specific circumstances pertaining to the initial study. This process enhances confidence in the reliability and generalizability of research findings.

In contrast, peer review refers to the evaluation of research by experts in the same field before it is published, ensuring the quality and rigor of the study. Meta-analysis is a technique that combines the results of multiple studies to arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon, assessing the effects across a broader dataset. A longitudinal study involves repeated observations of the same subjects over an extended period, focusing on changes over time rather than verifying findings across different groups.