What is the name of the tendency to believe that one would have foreseen an outcome after learning about it?

The tendency to believe that one would have foreseen an outcome after learning about it is known as hindsight bias. This cognitive phenomenon occurs when individuals perceive events as having been more predictable after they have already happened. It leads people to overestimate their ability to have predicted an event's outcome, often resulting in a skewed interpretation of past knowledge and judgments.

For instance, when people hear about a sports game outcome, they may claim they knew the result would happen, even if they did not express that opinion prior to the event. This bias can impact decision-making and learning processes, as it influences how individuals evaluate their own previous predictions and knowledge based on the outcomes that have already occurred. Understanding hindsight bias is important in various fields, including psychology, education, and data analysis, as it can affect retrospectives and evaluations of success or failure.