What is the function of a control group in an experiment?

The function of a control group in an experiment is to provide a baseline for comparison to the experimental group. This baseline is crucial because it allows researchers to determine the effect of the independent variable being tested. By comparing the results of the experimental group— which is exposed to the treatment or condition being studied—to those of the control group, which is not exposed, researchers can better understand any changes or effects that occur as a result of the treatment.

Having a control group helps isolate the specific variable that is being tested by ensuring that any observed differences in outcomes are due to the treatment and not other factors. This enhances the validity of the experiment and strengthens the conclusions that can be drawn from the results. In essence, the control group serves as a benchmark against which the effectiveness of the treatment can be measured.