What describes a deductive approach in research?

A deductive approach in research is characterized by the process of testing an existing theory through empirical data collection. This method starts with a general premise or hypothesis derived from a theoretical framework, which researchers then seek to confirm or disprove through observations and data analysis. By gathering and analyzing empirical evidence, researchers aim to validate the theoretical concepts, ensuring that their findings contribute to the broader understanding of the theory's applicability in real-world contexts.

This methodology is distinct from approaches that focus on theory generation or the exploration of phenomena without specific hypotheses, as those involve different processes, such as inductive reasoning or qualitative research. In contrast, the deductive approach is structured and hypothesis-driven, significantly shaping how researchers design their studies and interpret their outcomes.